Iran suspends visa-free entry for Indians after abduction cases, India says

"Iran is the world’s leading state sponsor of terrorism. Implementing stronger sanctions on countries that support and facilitate Iran’s oil trade will disrupt the regime’s oil supply chain and hinder the dangerous activities that fund its terrorist proxies," the Republican Representative said in a statement.

The bipartisan measure, introduced in February by Reps. Mike Lawler (R-NY) and Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D-FL), focuses on China's role in buying Iranian crude, cracking down on shadow fleet facilitators like banks, insurers and shipping firms.

Lawler, who represents a district with a significant Persian community, said in May many of his Iranian-American constituents support a tougher US stance.

Officially introduced as HR 1422, the bill builds on recent US sanctions against Tehran's oil evasion tactics, amid renewed Trump administration pressure.

It adds secondary sanctions on entities involved in Iranian oil processing, exports, or sales, and mandates a State Department interagency group on sanctions plus a multilateral contact group with allies to enforce measures.

Simpson on Monday praised the Trump administration's economic pressure on Iran, calling the legislation critical for national security and Middle East allies.

The bill follows previous Iran oil sanctions legislation sponsored by Lawler, which became law last year.

Mojtahedi, host of the weekly podcast ‘Eye for Iran’ for Iran International English and a frequent author of investigative reports and in-depth interviews, reflected on her Iranian roots and the plight of Iran's people in her acceptance speech.

“I’ve often asked myself one simple question: What is best for the people of Iran? Not for its rulers, but for the men, women, and children whose voices are too often ignored,” Mojtahedi added. “Because when politics and power fall away, they are what truly matter.”

“At its heart, journalism is about truth. It’s about shining a light where others want darkness. It’s about giving voice to those who are silenced and holding the powerful, whoever they may be, to account,” Mojtahedi said.

Democratic values

The Transatlantic Leadership Network also honored Iran International TV for excellence in international reporting.

Executive Editor Mehdi Parpanchi, accepting on behalf of the 24-hour Persian-language channel broadcasting from London and Washington, thanked TLN for strengthening international dialogue and democratic values.

“For us, this recognition is not only about the team that works tirelessly to make our work possible: the journalists, producers, editors, presenters, engineers, and technicians who deliver the truth,” Parpanchi said.

"Above all we dedicate this award to the viewers inside Iran who often take real risks just to access independent news, he added.

Parpanchi cited a recent independent survey on how Iranians accessed news during the 12-day war with Israel in June, saying the network surpassed competitors and even state-run television.

“The survey found that Iran International was cited by 43 percent of respondents as their main source of television news,” Parpanchi said. “The state broadcaster IRIB stood at about 27%, and BBC Persian under 9%.”

More than half of respondents said they relied primarily on social media for news during the war.

Transatlantic Leadership Network is a DC based nonprofit think tank. It builds nonpartisan networks of leaders to strengthen transatlantic ties on security, economy, climate, and media freedom amid global shifts.

The Freedom of the Media Award, launched in 2021, recognizes bold journalism exposing repression and corruption.

On 2024, it was rewarded to Iranian dissident Masih Alinejad, Hanna Liubkova for investigative work in Balarus and Yann Philippin for specializing in financial scandals, corruption, and tax fraud in France.

"I do think there are people inside of Tehran who say in their quiet moments, we're a fading regime," said Norman Roule, a veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency for over 30 years who once oversaw its Iran desk.

"We're not so far off from the Soviet Union in our final days, our leadership is not going to crawl into the grave when the Supreme Leader dies with him, and we need to survive," he added. "How do we modulate these dials, and how do we play this?"

"It's not to say that the Islamic Republic is the Soviet Union or 2025 is 1989," said Mark Dubowitz, CEO of the hawkish Washington-based think tank the Foundation for Defense of Democracies (FDD).

"History doesn't repeat, it echoes, as they say, but I think it's important to remember that we grew up in an era where the Soviet Union looked invincible."

Dubowitz likened Tehran's change in tack on some social issues to the attempts by the Soviet Union's last premier, Mikhail Gorbachev, to implement partial reforms to save the Soviet system only to bring about its downfall.

A surprise Israeli military campaign in June killed hundreds of military personnel along with civilians, knocking out much of Iran's air defenses. The US joined the conflict by attacking three Iranian nuclear sites before clinching a ceasefire.

Iranian counterattacks killed 32 Israeli civilians and an off-duty military officer.

In the intervening months, the standoff over Iran's disputed nuclear program has festered as Washington under President Donald Trump has stepped up sanctions and European powers triggered the resumption of UN sanctions.

As the moves have deepened economic pain, Iran's clerical rulers have eased enforcement of Islamic veiling laws, paused a draconian new hijab law and looked the other way as once-banned outdoor concerts proliferate.

But crackdowns on dissidents and political speech have sharply mounted since the conflict, according to rights groups.

"There's a bit of a Soviet Union of the late 1980s. Who believed in the great Soviet revolution in 1988?" Roule told the panel moderated by Iran International's Fardad Farahzad. "This government is facing rot. It's just inevitable rot."

'Regime change'

At the height of the conflict, the leaders of both Israel and the United States suggested a desire to topple Iran's ruling system but a ceasefire implemented by President Trump made the prospect more distant.

Israel, Dubowitz asserted, remains dedicated to uprooting its arch-enemy in the region.

"After many, many years, that bringing down the regime in Iran is now a central pillar of Israeli strategy. I think October 7 ... changed everything. I think this is 'we can no longer live with the Islamic Republic. We know that Khamenei is committed to our destruction.'"

Roule expressed doubt that any outside power could carry out transformational change in Iran.

"I'm not sure that any external country can change that entire edifice, but certainly an external country such as the United States can and should be providing whatever support that can be provided so that the Iranian people can change that structure from within to what they need to give themselves that better future," he said.

Tehran has accused Israel and the West of trying and failing to topple the system which it attributes to popular support and resistance against foreign aggression.

Authorities this month erected a billboard in Tehran's Revolution Square with Iraq's Saddam Hussein and Muammar Gaddafi shown imprisoned in the Statue of Liberty's crown - victims, according to state ideology, of US regime change misadventures.

"They didn't survive an attack by the United States or Israel," Roule said. "They survived a surgical strike by the United States on select nuclear facilities."

Dubowitz acknowledged the term regime change was deeply unpopular in Washington.

"I think in our system, we don't like the word regime change because of our experience with Iraq and Afghanistan, though no one's talking about 500,000 mechanized US troops invading Iran," Dubowitz added.

"What we're actually talking about is the Reagan strategy, right, which Ronald Reagan successfully implemented in the 1980s which is maximum support for anti regime dissidents while putting maximum pressure on the regime."

“Two thousand-ton blocks are being built on the site, the second and the third. Work is progressing,” Rosatom’s Director General Alexey Likhachev told state-owned television channel Russia-1 TV.

Likhachev said construction of the new units was advancing with major structural components being installed.

The work, he added, involves around 3,000 specialists, including about 700 Russian citizens.

In September, Iranian state media reported that Likhachev and Iran’s Atomic Energy Organization chief Mohammad Eslami signed a memorandum on cooperation for small nuclear power plants in Iran.

In early June, Reza Banazadeh, head of the Bushehr facility announced that Iran plans to expand its nuclear power capacity over the next 18 years with the construction of two additional units at the Bushehr nuclear plant.

The second unit, he added, will take 10 years to complete and the third around eight years. Once finished, the three units would generate a combined 3,100 megawatts of electricity, he added.

Banazadeh said at the time that 2,000 Iranian specialists operate the Bushehr plant, which he described as a showcase of domestic capability.

“All critical roles, from control rooms to maintenance, are handled by Iranian experts,” he said.

Amid the Iran-Israel war in June, an Israeli military spokesperson cited by Reuters said on June 19 that Israel had struck the Russian-built Bushehr nuclear plant — an assertion Reuters reported the spokesperson later said had been made “by mistake.”

On the same day, Russian President Vladimir Putin said Israel had agreed to ensure the security of more than 200 Russian employees working at the Bushehr nuclear power plant.

A day later, Likhachev said the situation at Bushehr nuclear power plant, where hundreds of Russian specialists work, was under control.

“Things that might succeed in the short term may have very different consequences long term,” the paper quoted Malley, who served under US President Donald Trump's predecessor Joe Biden, as saying.

The region’s history, he added, is “a whole list of military 'successes'” that later backfired.

Malley pointed to Israel’s military actions in the region, including attacks in Beirut and against the Palestine Liberation Organization in Tunis, as well as the US invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan and the American intervention in Lebanon.

He said these supposed short-term “victories” often “end up boomeranging,” with consequences that included the rise of Osama bin Laden, stronger Iranian influence in Iraq, the Taliban’s return to power and the emergence of Hezbollah.

Malley told the newspaper that Israeli and US attacks on Iran in June revealed the extent of Israeli access to Iranian airspace and intelligence related to Tehran’s nuclear and missile programs.

The attacks, he said, showed that “Israel had supremacy over Iranian airspace and extraordinary intelligence” regarding Iranian personnel and facilities.

That assessment could affect Tehran’s calculations if it considers rebuilding parts of its nuclear program, Malley said.

“If Iran chooses to restore or resume its nuclear program, it’s going to have to think many times, because it knows that Israel is watching and the US is watching,” he said.

Malley said the June strikes “did set back Iran’s nuclear program,” though “it didn’t obliterate it in the way that President Trump said,” the report added.

Iran denies seeking nuclear weapons, but Israel and Western countries doubt its intentions. Washington has demanded Tehran end all domestic enrichment.

Diplomatic breakthrough or further escalation?

On the outlook for US–Iran relations, Malley said he could imagine either further military escalation or a diplomatic breakthrough under President Trump.

“I wouldn’t be surprised” by renewed US–Israeli strikes, Malley was quoted as saying, but he added that he “wouldn’t be shocked” if Washington and Tehran reached an understanding that halted Iranian enrichment in exchange for sanctions relief and restored UN inspections.

Malley warned that deep mistrust in Tehran has made negotiations more difficult, telling the newspaper that Iranian leaders believe Trump “betrayed them not once, not twice, but three times.”

US talks with Tehran over its disputed nuclear program began earlier this year with a 60-day ultimatum. On the 61st day, June 13, Israel launched a surprise military campaign which was capped with US strikes on June 22 targeting key nuclear sites in Esfahan, Natanz and Fordow.