Azerbaijan summons Iranian diplomat amid tensions

The proposal comes as Iranian officials and many commentators in Tehran advocate for negotiations with President Donald Trump to address differences with Washington and ease sanctions amid deep economic malaise.

In an editorial titled "Iran: The Gateway for Elon Musk to the Middle East," Etemad highlighted Musk’s global influence, describing him as "a world-renowned figure and an extraordinary, golden opportunity." The editorial urged officials to act swiftly, stating, "Let us seize this chance ahead of competitors and invite him to Tehran, to Azadi Stadium." It further remarked, "Just as he envisions carpeting Mars for humanity, we should not hesitate to roll out the carpet for him in Tehran."

This proposal coincides with speculation about Musk’s indirect involvement in the release of Italian journalist Cecilia Sala, who was arrested in Iran last month and released in January.

Last week, The New York Times reported that Musk reached out to Iran’s ambassador to the UN, Amir Saeid Iravani, to facilitate Sala’s freedom—a claim Musk denied on X, writing, "I haven’t had any interaction with Iran. Just recommended support from the US side." Iranian officials have dismissed the reports as "media storytelling and fabrication."

Also in November, The New York Times wrote that Musk and Iravani met in person in New York, which Tehran denied.

Despite the controversy, Etemad framed Musk’s potential visit as a pivotal moment for Iran, asserting, "His arrival in Tehran would attract more attention globally than his journey to Mars. Let us seize this opportunity for Iran and the Middle East." The newspaper argued that Musk’s presence could symbolize a leap forward in technology and artificial intelligence for the region.

Iranian state-controlled media published an official account of the interview on Friday from his visit to Moscow last week, highlighting exchanges with Vladimir Solovyov, one of Russia’s most outspoken nationalist TV personalities.

When asked about his view of Putin, Pezeshkian expressed appreciation for the Russian president’s opposition to unilateralism, a term often used by the two heavily sanctioned and isolated powers to describe US policies.

“That sense within us, and among those who seek freedom and independence, grows stronger by the day. As a result, we feel this shared connection and closeness in our beliefs, and we will stand together,” Pezeshkian said, referring to Putin.

Addressing sanctions imposed by the United States on both Russia and Iran, Pezeshkian emphasized the significance of their partnership.

“The long-term strategic agreement we signed with the Russian Federation indicates that neither Russia nor Iran intends to succumb to the demands they seek to impose on us,” he remarked.

Pezeshkian posed a question of his own, asking whether Moscow and Tehran would cooperate in mutual defense if Iran were attacked by the United States or Israel.

“According to the terms of the agreement, it has been established that in the event of an attack on Iran or Russia by another country, we are committed to refraining from any form of cooperation with the aggressor and preventing such an occurrence," he answered.

Pezeshkian’s answer implied that the strategic treaty he signed with Putin is not an ironclad mutual defense pact, despite Iran's heavy supply of drones and other munitions to Russia for its full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

The deliveries have been met with further US-led sanctions, deepening economic suffering in Iran which has led relative moderates in the country to call for renewed talks with the United States over Tehran's disputed nuclear program.

Solovyov posed a sharp question, asking why the Islamic Republic shows such restraint despite the United States imposing "terroristic sanctions" and Israel directly targeting its officials and interests.

While Pezeshkian condemned Israel, his response was measured, launching into an extended monologue about the peaceful nature of religions and prophets.

Solovyov persisted with his line of questioning, asking Pezeshkian for his thoughts on “the recent developments in the region and the Americans' efforts to create instability along Iran's borders.”

“As I mentioned earlier, the conflict is fundamentally about truth versus falsehood and justice versus injustice,” Pezeshkian replied, continuing into an extended philosophical reply.

Like Ankara and Moscow aspiring to rebuild their Ottoman and Russian empires, Iran was one of the world’s oldest empires, Pezeshkian said, which ruled vast territories but respected local customs and traditions and giving authority to local elites.

Pezeshkian went on to deny that the Islamic Republic has ever engaged in violent actions or encouraged and supported war in the region. However, a countdown clock in Tehran still prominently displays the purported timeline for Israel’s destruction.

The president had sounded a dovish tone in an interview with US news channel NBC in an interview in Tehran the same week.

"The Islamic Republic of Iran is committed to peace and de-escalation in the region and globally, condemns the Zionist regime's war-mongering, aggression, and genocide, and stands ready for honorable and equal negotiations," he said.

Trump has excoriated his predecessor Joe Biden for allowing Iran to rake in more revenue from oil sales to boost armed allies in the region.

Newly appointed aides have pledged to revive a so-called maximum pressure campaign of sanctions on Iran to compel it to drop its disputed nuclear program.

But Trump's public break with two officials who helped mastermind the strategy may indicate a new tack on how to deal with Washington's Mideast arch-enemy.

"John Bolton, much like Brian Hook is someone who here in DC we associate very closely with the maximum pressure school of policy toward Iran," Farley said. "The fact that those two were removed must mean the President is somewhat unsatisfied with how things went in his last administration."

Trump dramatically deprived Bolton, his former national security advisor and former Iran envoy Brian Hook despite them being a target - like Trump himself - of alleged assassination plots by Tehran.

In the wake of Trump's first term, Farley continued, "Iran became more conservative, Iran became more embedded in the region in a lot of ways. That's changed recently, but perhaps that's what he's reflecting on."

"President Trump ... doesn't want to preclude maybe making a deal if he thinks it's in his interest and in the US interest. So I think, you know, he's kind of maybe giving up on theory a little bit and Maybe trying to take it in a new direction."

An advocate of hard line on friend and foe alike to advance his so-called America First policy, Trump has said Iran cannot be allowed to develop nuclear weapons but has also dismissed the idea of seeking regime change.

Speaking to reporters in the White House on Thursday, Trump said he hoped the United States would not have to support an Israeli strike on Iran to take out its nuclear sites and a deal would be preferable.

"I wouldn't say I foresee a deal, but I foresee some sort of effort to open up discussions," Farley added. "He might dangle some kind of opportunity to negotiate along with a very aggressive policy."

The site, known for containing mass graves of thousands of political prisoners executed in the summer of 1988, has been closed to the families since early 2024, the families said.

“For 11 months, Khavaran’s gates have been closed to us,” the letter read. “Despite our numerous attempts to resolve this legally, we have been met with silence or insulting behavior by officials,” they said.

In the letter, the families accused authorities of obstructing their basic right to mourn. They detailed repeated appeals to various government bodies but said they have received no meaningful response.

They said their petitions have been referred between agencies, with intelligence officials refusing to address their concerns.

The families also condemned the burial of unrelated individuals at the cemetery, calling it disrespectful and a renewal of their grief. They demanded the removal of barriers to the cemetery, the reopening of its gates and the cessation of additional burials at the site.

A total of 93 families signed the letter, which also criticized the behavior of cemetery staff. They said the individual overseeing the site, identified as Masoud Momeni, has harassed families, limited their visitation times and demanded national ID cards to grant access to graves, further compounding their suffering.

The letter was also sent to senior officials, including the judiciary, interior ministry and Tehran's local authorities, as part of their ongoing fight for justice and accountability.

The Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation, a US-based rights group, reported that on Friday, the families once again faced locked gates at the cemetery and protested the ban by scattering flowers at its entrance.

In an interview with Iran International’s Samira Gharaei, Patrick Clawson, Director for Research at the Washington Institute described the potential impact on Iran of a widely expected renewed hard line from Washington.

Clawson anticipates a return to the so-called maximum pressure approach from Trump's first term, primarily through intensified enforcement of existing sanctions. He acknowledged, however, that logistical challenges could delay new sanctions.

"The Trump Administration is likely to start thinking from day one about what additional steps to take but it may be a while before we see them actually able to implement those kinds of steps," Clawson said.

"The Trump administration will need to prioritize enforcement, especially given competing sanctions efforts against Russia and others."

The former president’s personal feelings towards Iran— stemming from an alleged assassination plot by Tehran—could influence his approach.

Trump will seek the restoration of United Nations sanctions on Iran which were lifted by the 2015 nuclear deal, newly sworn-in secretary of state Marco Rubio told congress this week.

The newly-minted head of state whose sanctions piled pressure on Iran's oil revenue in his first term and hit Tehran's spending on armed allies in the region, also ordered a deadly drone strike on a top Iranian commander, Qassem Soleimani.

Potential Iran-US talks

Despite the potential for increased pressure, Clawson raised the possibility of renewed talks, highlighting the former president's self-perception as a dealmaker.

"Trump has a long memory, and he takes personal slights seriously," he noted. "While he might entertain the idea of a deal, Iran’s leadership, particularly Khamenei, remains deeply skeptical."

Whether Tehran is willing to engage in new talks remains uncertain as Iranian officials and media remain sharply divided on relations with Washington with Trump back in the White House.

Clawson highlighted the recent setbacks for Iran's armed allies in the region, such as Hamas and Hezbollah, as a potential motivator for seeking a deal.

"Iran’s recent failures may create an opening for diplomacy," he suggested. "However, Khamenei’s uncompromising nature often leans toward retaliation rather than reconciliation."

Regarding Israel, Clawson acknowledged Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's past caution on military action against Iran but also noted a shift in the Israeli military's posture. He suggested that recent Israeli military successes might embolden them.

"Israel, with its recent military successes, is more confident than ever in confronting Iranian threats."

While acknowledging the significant changes in the region, Clawson cautioned against premature pronouncements of a "new Middle East," pointing out the region's history of unexpected developments.

"The Middle East has a remarkable ability to throw up new problems, and I would anticipate that we're going to see new problems in the region, things we hadn't expected."

Iran's nuclear program and a post-Khamenei future

Clawson expressed concern about Iran's advancing nuclear program and the potential for a more aggressive stance after Khamenei's departure.

"Khamenei’s micromanagement has kept the system intact," he said, arguing that without him, there’s a real risk of power struggles that could lead to a hardline push for a nuclear weapon.

"I suspect that in the political maneuverings in Tehran that they're going to be some people who say, 'Let's go ahead and do that bomb.' I am concerned that in what's likely to be a rather unsettled situation after Khamenei passes from the scene."

The head of Iran’s Armed Forces Judiciary emphasized earlier in the week that the Supreme Leader has forbidden the development of nuclear weapons, sounding a conciliatory note as Tehran seems to be exploring talks to ease sanctions.