A network of seven men allegedly working on behalf of Iranian intelligence services helped coordinate a wave of attacks across Europe, using local criminals and AI-generated propaganda to target Jewish communities and spread fear, ITV News reported on Wednesday.
The British broadcaster identified two previously unnamed brothers with suspected ties to organized crime in the Netherlands as alleged members of the network, which Western security officials believe was involved in attacks across several European countries and a suspected plot against a British military base used by US forces.
ITV named Mustafa Mter Rassoul Alkyaui, who was arrested in Turkey and remains in detention, and his brother, Rassoul Mter Rassoul Alkyaui Mohsen, who remains at large.
The broadcaster said the brothers' contacts in Europe's criminal underworld were believed to have helped the network recruit local operatives to carry out attacks for money, sometimes without knowing whose instructions they were following.
The findings build on a November 10 US Justice Department indictment charging three other alleged members of the network: Mohammad Baqer Saad Dawood al-Saadi, a dual Iranian-Iraqi national; Mohsen Mohajeri, an Iranian national; and Mohammad Ali al-Hassani, an Iraqi national.
US prosecutors linked the three men to nearly 20 attacks and attempted attacks across Europe and the United States, including a September plot targeting RAF Fairford, a British air base housing American forces.
Investigators suspect rival Iranian agencies funded network
According to ITV, Western security officials believe the network operated from a control room in Baghdad, selecting targets and recruiting criminals to carry out attacks as Iran sought ways to retaliate following the outbreak of war with the United States and Israel in February.
Investigators suspect the network received funding from both the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Quds Force and Iran's Ministry of Intelligence, with neither agency apparently aware of the other's involvement.
ITV reported that the group operated as a loose circle of associates rather than a conventional militant organization, using artificial intelligence to produce propaganda videos that made the network appear larger and more sophisticated.
The broadcaster publicly identified five alleged members, including the three men charged in the United States and the two brothers. The other two were not named.
Attacks targeted Jewish communities across Europe
The suspected campaign began in March with an explosion outside a synagogue in Liège, Belgium, followed by an arson attack on four ambulances belonging to the Jewish emergency medical service Hatzola in north London.
A previously obscure organization calling itself the Islamic Movement of Companions of the Right, also known by its Arabic initials HAYI, said it was responsible for the attacks.
ITV reported that al-Saadi was suspected of personally producing and distributing some of the group's AI-generated propaganda, including material relating to the March 23 ambulance attack.
US prosecutors said the network was involved in approximately 18 attacks in Europe during the spring, seven of them in Britain. The incidents included arson, explosions and a near-fatal stabbing of two Jewish men in London.
The Justice Department alleged that HAYI served as a front for Iran-backed Kataib Hezbollah and other US-designated terrorist organizations, helping conceal those directing the attacks.
US prosecutors detail RAF Fairford plot
The alleged network subsequently turned its attention to RAF Fairford, an air base in Gloucestershire that housed US military aircraft and personnel.
According to the Justice Department, al-Hassani directed preparations from Iran, paying contacts in Britain to conduct surveillance and obtain vehicles and materials for the September operation.
British police recovered three vans linked to the alleged plot on September 27 and arrested their occupants, according to US prosecutors.
Prosecutors also alleged that al-Saadi, who had been in US custody since May, continued coordinating with other members of the network through coded messages passed during calls with relatives in Iraq.
ITV reported that Western officials believe the decision to target RAF Fairford probably received approval from senior figures within the Revolutionary Guards, unlike other attacks that the network was thought to have selected independently.
"This eight-count indictment shows the determination of Iran to commit terrorist attacks in Europe and the US," FBI Director Kash Patel said, citing the suspected plot against RAF Fairford.
Security officials warn of further attacks
The ITV investigation suggested the network's operations were designed not only to cause physical damage but also to generate widespread fear, particularly within Jewish communities.
Western security officials told the broadcaster that networks operating under the HAYI name could carry out further attacks.
The report came as Iran's security chief Mohsen Rezaei renewed warnings Wednesday about military bases stretching "from West Asia to Europe," according to ITV.
The allegations concerning the network, including the suspected involvement of Iranian intelligence agencies and the newly identified brothers, have not been established in court. The three men indicted in the United States are presumed innocent unless proven guilty.
Iran is adding 23 commemorations to its official calendar, including days marking the US-Israeli war, the killing of former supreme leader Ali Khamenei and the selection of his son Mojtaba as his successor.
The additions to the Iranian year 1406, running from March 2027 to March 2028, were reported Wednesday. Five of the new observances relate to the war and the transfer of power.
The “Day of the Epic Defense of Iran,” designated for February 28, commemorates the killing of Ali Khamenei and senior military commanders during the opening attacks of the war in 2026.
The Day of the Martyrs of the Third Sacred Defense honors those killed in the war, while the Day of the Dena Warship Martyrs commemorates sailors killed when a US submarine sank the Iranian naval vessel off Sri Lanka in March.
The new calendar also includes a day marking Mojtaba Khamenei's selection as supreme leader following his father's death.
Other additions include Iranian Ethnic Clothing Day, a commemoration of the 18th-century Turkmen poet Magtymguly Pyragy, Iranian Naval Power Day, Nomads Day and Polo Day.
Religious and ideological additions include Nahj al-Balagha Day, named after a collection of sermons, letters and sayings attributed to Imam Ali, the first Shiite imam. The calendar will also recognize Quran Day, a day promoting zakat, the Islamic charitable tax, and Interfaith Dialogue Day.
Other observances include Crisis and Natural Disasters Management Day, Muhammad Iqbal Lahori Commemoration Day, Sacred Defense Intelligence and Operations Day, Software Movement and Free Thought Day and Boys' Day.
Four further commemorations listed in the calendar's appendix are Kordestan Day, West Azarbaijan Day, Healthy Nutrition Day and Nahavand Day.
Iran's official calendar already contains numerous Shiite religious observances, including Ashura, Arbaeen and anniversaries marking the births and deaths of Shiite imams.
Ideological commemorations include Islamic Revolution Victory Day, Islamic Republic Day, the anniversary of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's death and the Day of Struggle Against Global Arrogance, marking the 1979 seizure of the US Embassy in Tehran.
The calendar also recognizes Nowruz, Persian cultural figures and other national traditions, but its extensive religious and revolutionary commemorations reflect the ideological priorities of the Islamic Republic's leadership.
The Revolutionary Guards' unveiling of a new underground missile facility has sparked public anger over military spending, with citizens questioning government priorities amid growing poverty, energy shortages and a lack of civilian shelters.
Iranian media released images on November 10 showing Ali Abdollahi, chief of staff of the armed forces, and Majid Mousavi, commander of the Revolutionary Guards' Aerospace Force, touring what was described as a new underground "missile city."
Neither the facility's location nor the date of the officials' visit was disclosed.
"They have drilled holes into mountains for missile cities, but they have left even bigger holes in people's dinner tables," a resident of Shiraz wrote to Iran International.
Another criticized the focus on expanding missile capabilities rather than addressing economic hardship.
"They either inaugurate missile cities or compete to threaten the region, Europe and the US. The only thing that does not matter to them is the people and their problems," the person wrote.
The unveiling followed remarks by lawmaker Ghasem Ravanbakhsh on November 7 calling for longer-range missiles and discussing the potential ability to target military bases and infrastructure in European countries, including Britain.
Missile facilities and shrinking household budgets
Several citizens questioned the allocation of resources to underground military infrastructure while living standards continue to deteriorate.
"Now we know where the money meant for people's livelihoods is being spent," one person wrote.
Another compared Iran's growing missile infrastructure and the Revolutionary Guards' influence to North Korea, pointing to declining household purchasing power and economic hardship.
Year-on-year inflation reached 88.7 percent in October, the Statistical Center of Iran announced on October 28.
"Regional power and strength are not demonstrated by unveiling missile cities, but by providing people with essential goods and fuel so they do not face shortages," another wrote.
Others questioned the construction and operating costs of underground facilities, including their electricity and gas consumption.
One person estimated construction costs at $50 million per kilometer and questioned why households were being urged to conserve energy while military facilities consumed substantial resources.
The criticism coincided with fresh government warnings about possible winter gas shortages.
Iran faces a gas supply shortfall of approximately 430 million cubic meters, government spokesperson Fatemeh Mohajerani said on November 10, warning of possible interruptions and urging households to reduce consumption.
Some respondents also accused the Revolutionary Guards of controlling access to foreign currency and import permits through affiliated companies, arguing that resources needed for food and medicine were being directed toward missile development and regional allied groups.
Underground missile bases but no public shelters
Another major concern raised by the citizens was the lack of civilian shelters and emergency protection facilities in the event of war.
"I wish that instead of unveiling missile cities, you would unveil underground shelters for the people. Everything matters to the Islamic Republic except the lives of Iranians," a resident of Karaj wrote.
The criticism follows an Iran International report published on November 3 examining civilian preparedness for possible conflict.
Many said they could neither afford emergency supplies nor identify a safe place to shelter during military strikes.
Some also questioned the government's decision to publicize images of facilities presumed to be sensitive military sites while providing no recent images of Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei.
They contrasted the publicity surrounding underground missile infrastructure with the continued absence of new public images of the country's leader.
The Group of Seven (G7) foreign ministers warned on Wednesday that they would continue coordinating economic and political pressure on Iran if diplomatic efforts failed to produce an agreement addressing Tehran's nuclear program and regional security concerns.
In a joint statement following their November 9–10 meeting in Paris, the ministers expressed support for regional mediators seeking a lasting diplomatic settlement while reiterating that Iran must never be allowed to develop or acquire a nuclear weapon.
"Absent a diplomatic solution, we committed to continuing our coordination to economically and politically constrain the Iranian regime's ability to sow instability in the region and around the world," the ministers said.
The foreign ministers of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Britain and the United States, alongside the European Union's foreign policy chief, called on Tehran to resume full cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to restore transparency over its nuclear activities.
They also reaffirmed their commitment to enforcing UN sanctions reinstated against Iran in September 2025 through the snapback mechanism and urged other UN member states to implement the measures.
G7 raises alarm over alleged Iranian plots abroad
The ministers expressed grave concern over Iran's alleged involvement in violent plots targeting citizens and territories of G7 countries, specifically citing a September incident at a British military air base used by US forces.
"We also expressed grave concern over Iranian involvement in violent plots against many of our citizens and territories," the statement said.
The ministers acknowledged Britain's attribution of Iranian involvement in a September 27 incident at RAF Fairford, an air base in Gloucestershire that has hosted US bombers.
"Iran should be in no doubt that we are united and remain committed to safeguarding our sovereignty," they said.
British counterterrorism police arrested several suspects following a security alert at RAF Fairford after reports of suspicious vehicles approaching the base.
Two British nationals were subsequently charged under Britain's National Security Act, including one accused of assisting a foreign intelligence service believed to be Iranian.
On November 10, the US Justice Department separately announced charges against three men over an alleged network linked to Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and implicated in attacks and attempted attacks in Europe and the United States, including the suspected RAF Fairford plot.
Iran has denied involvement, and the allegations have not been established in court.
Separately, US military aircraft were relocated from RAF Mildenhall, another British air base, amid security concerns.
The Associated Press reported Tuesday that 13 American aircraft, including aerial refueling tankers, had departed the base in eastern England for other military facilities in Europe.
A US official told AP the move was a precaution in response to a threat but did not identify its source. The Wall Street Journal reported that the threat was linked to Iran, citing people familiar with the matter.
There has been no public confirmation that the incidents involving the two bases were connected.
G7 rejects Iranian restrictions on Strait of Hormuz
The ministers strongly condemned Iranian attacks on neighboring countries and civilian vessels, as well as disruptions to international trade and energy supplies caused by restrictions on maritime traffic through the Strait of Hormuz.
They called on Tehran to cease attacks against commercial shipping and respect its obligations under international humanitarian law.
The G7 reaffirmed its opposition to "any tolls, fees, illegal costs, discriminations or any limitation imposed on maritime transit through the Strait."
The ministers also emphasized the importance of US Central Command's operations to clear naval mines and escort civilian vessels through the waterway.
They recognized a separate French-British initiative aimed at facilitating the resumption of commercial shipping, including by helping verify the removal of mines.
The statement underscored the importance of restoring safe and unrestricted passage through the strategic waterway, a major route for global energy exports that has faced severe disruption during the conflict involving Iran, the United States and Israel.
G7 demands end to Iranian support for armed groups and Russia
The ministers urged Tehran to stop supporting nonstate armed groups across the Middle East, specifically calling for an end to Iranian weapons supplies and other assistance to Yemen's Houthis.
They condemned continued Houthi strikes against Saudi Arabia, including attacks affecting civilians and infrastructure, and called for an immediate halt to military operations.
On Lebanon, the G7 reiterated that the disarmament of Hezbollah and other nonstate armed groups was essential to bringing all weapons under the authority of the Lebanese state.
The ministers also condemned Iran's military assistance to Russia in its war against Ukraine, alongside North Korean military support and Chinese supplies of weapons-related materials and equipment.
They said G7 members intended to continue taking action against countries enabling Russia's military campaign.
Workers struggling with mounting debts and rising living costs are offering their kidneys, liver tissue and bone marrow for sale to repay debts and keep their homes, the labor-focused ILNA news agency reported on November 11.
Advertisements offering organs for sale cover walls, metal doors and buildings along some streets in central Tehran, where ILNA interviewed workers and other residents whose earnings no longer cover their basic expenses.
Farhang Hosseini Street, widely known as "Kidney Street," has become a gathering point for people seeking buyers, partly because of its proximity to a municipal medical facility and a charity supporting kidney patients.
The advertisements extend beyond kidneys to liver tissue, bone marrow and other body parts, according to ILNA.
Workers seek billions of rials for kidneys
Most people advertising kidneys for sale are workers and individuals facing serious financial difficulties, an employee at Sadra Hospital told ILNA.
Asking prices generally range from 30 billion to 40 billion rials ($11,500 to $15,300), although kidneys from people with O-positive blood may be offered for eight billion rials ($3,100). Prices for rarer blood groups can reach 50 billion rials ($19,200), the employee said.
A 30-year-old motorcycle courier in Tehran said he had rejected an offer of 15 billion rials ($5,750) for his kidney, plus an expected two billion rials ($770) from insurance, but the amount would not cover his debts.
The courier is now seeking at least 35 billion rials ($13,400).
Another man, a self-employed worker aged about 58, said he needed between seven and eight billion rials ($2,680 to $3,070) to settle an outstanding check and was prepared to sell an organ for 20 to 30 percent below the usual asking price.
The accounts come as financial pressures leave growing numbers of households struggling to afford basic necessities.
Around eight million people have fallen into absolute poverty and malnutrition because of the government's mishandling of preferential currency subsidies, parliamentary social affairs committee chairman Ali Babaei Karnami said on November 8.
Up to 50 million more people face difficulties affording food, Babaei Karnami said.
Multiple organs advertised for sale
Some workers are advertising several organs simultaneously in hopes of securing enough money to settle their debts.
A 33-year-old construction worker told ILNA he wanted 40 billion rials ($15,300) for his bone marrow and had also advertised his kidney and liver tissue for sale.
"I have advertised my liver and kidney for sale as well. I have all my medical examination results and health documents, and I am completely healthy," the worker said.
Another worker had advertised his kidney, liver tissue and testicle for sale, saying his financial difficulties had left him with few options.
After an ILNA reporter explained that testicular transplantation was not performed in Iran, the worker said he had been unaware of that and was willing to sell whichever organ attracted a buyer first and offered the highest payment.
The advertisements highlight the widening gap between earnings and household expenses.
Minimum-wage workers typically earn between 200 million and 300 million rials ($77 to $115) a month, including benefits, while independent labor activists estimate that a household needs around one billion rials ($383) monthly to cover basic living costs, according to ILNA.
Workers on temporary or seasonal contracts face additional difficulties, including unstable employment and earnings below the minimum wage.
Financial hardship forces difficult choices
Reports of people selling organs to cover living expenses have emerged repeatedly in recent years.
In March 2024, Tejarat News reported that young Iranians, including teenagers, were offering kidneys and bone marrow for sale to meet their financial needs.
Financial difficulties have also affected access to medical treatment.
Two retirees died after abandoning medical treatment because they could no longer afford it, Jalal Hashemi, chairman of the Homa retirees' association, said on October 26.
In January 2022, Hossein Biglari, head of the Kermanshah Kidney Patients Support Association, said some Iranians were traveling to Iraq to sell their kidneys for higher prices in dollars.
For construction workers and motorcycle couriers, physical health is essential to earning a living.
Selling an organ may temporarily relieve financial pressures but could undermine their health and ability to work in the future, ILNA wrote, highlighting the longer-term consequences for workers turning to their own bodies to repay debts.
Students across Iran are attending classes without adequate heating despite freezing temperatures and heavy rainfall, as the government warns of possible gas shortages but insists on keeping schools open, according to accounts received by Iran International.
Government spokesperson Fatemeh Mohajerani warned on November 10 of possible gas cuts in Tehran and other parts of the country but said the government's policy remained focused on maintaining in-person education.
The warnings come as families face growing school expenses, including demands to cover utility bills, while unreliable internet access and the cost of online learning complicate alternatives to classroom teaching.
Students bring blankets to freezing classrooms
Students and parents from several cities told Iran International that schools had refused to turn on heating systems despite falling temperatures.
"We are shivering from the cold at school, but they tell us they need an Education Ministry directive before turning on the heaters," one student said.
A student in the northwestern city of Ardebil said radiators remained off despite snowfall on November 9, with school officials citing energy shortages.
"Things have reached the point where some students are bringing travel blankets with them," the student said.
In Tabriz, northwestern Iran, where temperatures fell to minus five degrees Celsius, students said school officials refused to switch on radiators and told them to warm classrooms with their breath.
Students in the northern city of Chalus, northwestern Miandoab and Abyek near Tehran described similar conditions, including heavy rainfall, flooding and unheated classrooms.
A parent in the northern city of Amol said students at a private school had fallen ill after attending classes in severe cold.
"If these children catch a cold, how can we afford to treat even a simple cold at these prices?" the parent asked.
Broken heating systems and school fees
Accounts from students suggest the problem extends beyond restrictions on heating use to deteriorating infrastructure and insufficient funding.
A student in Gilan province, northern Iran, said radiators at their high school had remained broken since last year, except in the principal's office.
In Tehran, students described classrooms without heating, while one said their school lacked both electricity and gas. Another said officials blamed budget shortages for keeping radiators off.
A student in Karaj said the school, attended by approximately 500 students, had no classroom heating despite collecting substantial enrollment fees.
In Borujerd, Lorestan province, a student questioned spending priorities after the school installed two surveillance cameras in every classroom without providing adequate heating or cooling.
More than 500 schools in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province were undergoing heating upgrades and other repairs, Tabnak reported on November 6, citing earlier comments by a provincial school infrastructure official.
Heating problems had also delayed the opening of five or six educational projects.
Families face rising education costs
School closures offer no straightforward solution for families struggling with internet disruptions, expensive data packages and limited access to equipment for online education.
An Iran International Instagram poll published on August 27 found that 61 percent of approximately 55,500 respondents preferred online learning, citing concerns including student safety and financial pressures.
The remaining 39 percent favored classroom education, pointing to poor internet connectivity, electricity outages and declining educational quality online.
Financial demands from schools have added to families' difficulties.
Iran International reported on November 1 that some public schools were asking parents to contribute toward electricity, water and gas bills, maintenance and classroom equipment.
A student in Ahvaz said school officials demanded 1000,000 rials per pupil for examination papers and warned that those who failed to pay would receive a minus grade.
Another parent said a public elementary school in Tehran demanded 2,500,000 rials for a routine examination.
The charges add to the financial burden on families in a country where the minimum monthly wage stands at about 166 million rials, equivalent to roughly $61 at the current exchange rate.
