US Report Highlights Violations of Religious Freedom in Iran

Lawyer Mohammad Hadi Jafarpour informed the Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) that the officer aggressively touched the breasts of the child.

Enforcers then told the mother her daughter needed to wear a hijab because of her "prominent breasts."

Jafarpour, who was a witness to the incident, said there is no oversight of the hijab enforcers whose violent and sexually abusive actions haunt the country's women and girls as the regime struggles to enforce nationwide rejection of mandatory hijab laws.

“This lack of accountability severely impedes the ability to pursue legal recourse and protect citizens' rights in cases of misconduct," the lawyer said.

Hijab enforcers do not qualify as judicial officers and are only allowed to issue verbal warnings about hijab compliance.

“They lack any further authority, such as physically touching individuals, recording vehicle numbers, or taking photographs,” he explained.

In 2022, authorities introduced face recognition technology on subway CCTV cameras to photograph unveiled women. The heightened scrutiny followed the death of Mahsa Amini in hijab police custody in September 2022, which sparked widespread "Woman, Life, Freedom" protests.

Last year, Tehran municipality deployed 400 personnel to enforce hijab laws at subway stations in the capital. Iranian news sources and social media accounts documented an increased presence of officers equipped with cameras, dubbed as the "horror tunnel" for women as crackdowns on hijab only worsened in the wake of the 2022 uprising.

In recent years, hundreds of cases of state-sanctioned sexual abuse and humiliation at the hands of Iran's security forces and hijab enforcers have been publicly documented.

Activists and UN experts have argued that the increased oppression and institutionalized discrimination faced by women and girls under the Islamic regime constitutes or could amount to gender apartheid.

Mohammad Khatami and Hassan Rouhani, each leading Iran’s government for two 4-year terms between 1997 and 2021, have come out in support of Masoud Pezeshkian –who has served as Khatami’s Minister for Health.

The two former presidents encouraged Iranians to turn up at the polling stations Friday and use their vote to keep out the hardliners from the executive. Their message stood in stark contrast to that of leading opposition figures who asked people to stay away from the ballot boxes and not recognize the “show” election.

“The most peaceful way to show your opposition to this blatant oppression, and to send the message of “No to the Islamic Republic”, is to boycott the upcoming farce of an election,” said well-known activist and former prisoner Hossein Ronaghi in a video message Wednesday.

Joining Ronaghi’s call from prison was Faezeh Hashemi, former lawmaker and the daughter of another former president, Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. Before her, other voices from inside Iranian prisons had called for a boycott of the election, most notably, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate activist, Narges Mohammadi –who called the election “staged”.

The upcoming presidential election in Iran features five hand-picked insider politicians, after one hardliner, Amir Hossein Ghazizadeh Hashemi, quit the race in support of three other hardliners. The hardline camp are worried that their vote would be divided, allowing the only ‘moderate’, Pezeshkain, to move ahead at the vote.

Existing polls show that at least half the eligible voters may shun the election on Friday. This will be Iran’s first presidential election after the widespread uprising in 2022, in which at least 500 were killed and thousands arrested. Many of those who took to the streets across Iran and bore the brunt of the state’s brutality, have once more turned against the system with their call to boycott the election.

In a joint statement Wednesday, several mothers of slain protesters and dissidents called the upcoming election a "circus" that Iranians have to ignore, focusing instead on other ways to pressure the system to change.

"We will not stop seeking justice until we get our right to try and punish the criminals who innocently executed and shot our children,” they said.

Several student organizations and women's right groups also encouraged Iranians not to vote Friday. Over the weekend, over 500 teachers, union activists, and prominent cultural figures in Iran similarly issued a joint statement publicly declaring their decision to abstain from participating in the upcoming presidential elections.

This invitation is part of the Academy's announcement on Tuesday that 487 artists and motion picture executives worldwide have been selected for membership.

”We are thrilled to welcome this year’s class of new members to the Academy,” said Academy CEO Bill Kramer and Academy President Janet Yang in a joint statement. “These remarkably talented artists and professionals from around the world have made a significant impact on our filmmaking community.”

Beyzai has been selected to join two branches including the Writers and Directors branches of the organization according to the announcement. Upon accepting membership he must select one of the branches.

Keshavarz, known for her works such as “Circumstance” and “The Persian Version” has been selected to join the directors' branch.

Beyzai known for his films including “When We Are All Asleep” and “Killing Mad Dogs” left Iran in 2010 after consistently facing censorship and bans on his works on Iran and interrogations by security forces.

Following the 1979 revolution in Iran, Beyzayi’s works "Ballad of Tara" and "Death of Yazdgerd" were denied screening permits by the Iranian authorities amid censorship and crackdown on filmmakers, artists, and media which has continued since.

In April this year, Beyzai rejected an invitation to return to Iran stating that he refuses to be censored by the government or be forced into self-censorship.

The report comes in the wake of the IRGC designation in Canada, which was welcomed by the Iranian-Canadian community who have been pushing for this measure for a few years.

The current UK government, led by the Conservative prime minister Rishi Sunak, has considered a similar move but decided against it on a number of occasions.

Based on the Telegraph report, the leading figures in the Labor Party do not share the hesitation and would be willing to back a change in the law that would allow for the IRGC’s proscription.

Yvette Cooper and David Lammy, picked to be the next Home and Foreign secretaries if Labor wins, are said to support the measure.

The Labor Party’s 2024 manifesto includes an explicit reference to Iran’s IRGC, while criticizing the UK’s approach.

“From the Skripal poisonings to assassination plots by the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, threats from hostile states or state-sponsored groups are on the rise, but Britain lacks a comprehensive framework to protect us,” the manifesto reads. “Labor will take the approach used for dealing with non-state terrorism and adapt it to deal with state-based domestic security threats.”

It is unclear when and how the Labor would attempt such change –if it gets to form the next UK government after the July 4 election. The proscription will be a lengthy process, since it is a legal process and would require a legal case by the government.

Supporters of the move in the Labor Party may point to the October 7 attack by Iran-backed Hamas and the concerted efforts of non-state armed forces across the Middle East, almost all of which are backed by Iran’s IRGC.

Under the banner of "The National Network Woman, Life, Freedom Revolution," the groups issued a collective statement, endorsing organized protests targeting the electoral process.

Their initiative included “meeting with families of political prisoners, conducting nighttime chants with slogans in Iran" and advocating for the staging of demonstrations outside of Iranian embassies abroad.

Their objective, they say, is to sustain the movement that was triggered in September 2022 following the death of Mahsa Jina Amini while in the custody of the so-called morality police. The state's subsequent killing of at least 550 protesters during its crackdown has been labeled a crime against humanity by a UN fact-finding mission.

Simultaneously, Iranian Kurdish families, who have lost loved ones as a result of Tehran's suppression of dissent, have also voiced support for the election boycott, denouncing it as a "circus."

“As justice-seeking mothers from Kurdistan, we will persist in our quest for justice until we secure the right to prosecute and punish those who unjustly executed and shot our children. We unequivocally denounce the Iranian regime and reject any participation in what are deemed as mere staged elections,” the families who have lost loved ones during the Woman, Life, Freedom protests said in a statement published on social media.

The upcoming presidential ballot features five hand-picked insider politicians. Experts have often noted that the office of the president holds limited influence over many institutions and critical decisions, which are predominantly shaped by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei.

Over the weekend, over 500 teachers, union activists, and prominent cultural figures in Iran similarly issued a joint statement publicly declaring their decision to abstain from participating in the upcoming presidential elections.

In their statement, the signatories emphasized, "Engaging in the electoral process, even under the assumption of a victory by a reformist candidate, is futile and does not offer solutions to ongoing issues. Moreover, it risks legitimizing the government and escalating suppression of dissent and protest. Therefore, we announce our refusal to participate in the presidential elections."

Influential figures have also voiced dissent against Iran's upcoming June 28 snap presidential election. Nobel Peace Prize laureate Narges Mohammadi has criticized the election, calling it a facade orchestrated by an oppressive regime.

Several civil and political activists and unions had already united in support of the boycott.

Sepideh Rashno, a writer and civil activist advocating against mandatory hijab, expressed on her Instagram: "There is no future for Iran and its people under the Islamic Republic. The will and resilience of the people has always driven change."

Goljahan Ashrafpour, mother of Akbar Mohammadi, a student activist who died in prison in 2006, conveyed a message from the hospital urging citizens not to participate in the upcoming elections.

She emphasized that the president “lacked authority” and encouraged people to "stay at home on election day" to avoid endorsing what she referred to as Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's manipulation of the elections.

Atash Shakrami, the aunt of Nika Shakrami, a 16-year-old killed by Iranian security forces during the 2022 nationwide protests, used her Instagram platform to condemn the government and the electoral process. She asserted, "Every government agent's hands are deeply stained with the blood of our nation's youth."