Iranian Civil Activists Say Forced Hijab A Tool For Oppressing Women

The hacking group "Gonjeshk-e-Darande" or Predatory Sparrow announced the attack on X, claiming that they took out “a majority of the gas pumps throughout Iran.” Tehran cites a “software problem" as the cause behind the nationwide shutdown and says about 90 percent of the stations will be back on track by the end of the day.

Oil Minister Javad Owji earlier told Iranian state TV that services had been disrupted at about 70% of Iran's petrol stations and that outside interference was a possible cause. Reza Navar, spokesperson for Iran’s petrol stations association, said 60 percent were out.

The hacking group, whose nom de guerre is a wordplay in reaction to Iranian state-backed cyber-crime outfit Charming Kitten, said in statements in Persian and English that “the cyberattack comes in response to the aggression of the Islamic Republic and its proxies in the region.” They added, “We will impose cost for your provocations. This is just a taste of what we have in store.”

Addressing Iran’s Supreme Leader, the group said, “Khamenei, playing with fire has a price.”

The attack comes as Iran’s proxies like Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthis in Yemen have stepped up attacks against Israeli and US targets on the backdrop of the war in Gaza. Hamas declared war on Israel on October 7 after its militia invaded by air, land and sea, killing 1,200 mostly civilians and taking 240 captives. Iran supports Hamas but says it did not play any role in the Islamist militants' October 7 terror attack.

As measures “to limit potential damage to emergency services,” the hacking group said it “delivered warnings to emergency services across the country before the operation began, and ensured a portion of the gas stations across the country were left unharmed for the same reason, despite our access and capability to completely disrupt their operation.”

The group rose to prominence as a hacktivist two years ago for a similar cyberattack on fuel distribution centers across Iran on the eve of the second anniversary of the bloody suppression of the November 2019 protests. In a separate incident, they claimed responsibility for hacking the state railway company.

Last year, the group garnered attention for successfully penetrating the computer systems of major steel companies in Iran. They went on to share videos and images showcasing their hacking prowess and operation. At the time Israeli military correspondents, who are regularly briefed off-the-record by senior Israeli officials, hinted that Israel was behind that hack, according to the Times of Israel.

Iran has a history of cyber incidents, with one of the most notable being the Stuxnet computer virus, believed to have been developed by the United States and Israel. The Stuxnet virus, discovered in 2010, was used to attack an Iranian uranium enrichment facility, marking the first publicly known instance of a virus being utilized to sabotage industrial machinery.

In the past few days, two refineries in Iran burnt down. Less than a week after a devastating fire engulfed the Birjand oil refinery in east Iran, another refinery in Esfahan (Isfahan) faced a similar fate as it succumbed to flames on Saturday, December 16. In the December 10 incident, all 18 hydrocarbon tanks at the Birjand oil refinery in South Khorasan were consumed by flames.

Hadi Beiginezhad, a member of the Energy Committee in the parliament, criticized the authorities for not learning from the past similar attacks, saying that administrations do not pay attention to the infrastructure of the fuel distribution network.

"We don't know if this incident is technically a hack or if a hack has occurred at all. But what we do know is that the infrastructure of product distribution in the country is facing issues because the enemy has been able to take advantage of our negligence, both in terms of investment and infrastructure,” he said, noting that “the enemy has learned well which channels to strike... They have infiltrators and can easily carry out such sabotage operations."

Iran has witnessed a series of industrial accidents, including fires in oil facilities, petrochemical plants, and industrial centers in recent years. The incidents are often attributed to outdated technology, the use of substandard equipment, and the aging and deterioration of structures. While authorities have not provided comprehensive explanations for these incidents, they have attributed several high-profile sabotage attacks to Israel. However, Israel has not officially claimed responsibility for any of the incidents. Notably, numerous unexplained explosions and fires have occurred at various Iranian military, nuclear, and industrial facilities, including pipelines and refineries, since mid-2020. On January 28, a significant fire erupted at an Iranian military industrial factory, suspected to be the result of a drone strike in Esfahan.

Every now and then, the Islamic Republic announces that it has busted Israel-linked groups planning sabotage operations against its facilities. Israel has neither denied nor confirmed the allegations.

Some Iranians speculate on social media that the hacking of the gas stations can serve as an excuse for the government to increase gasoline prices that are the cheapest in the world after Venezuela. The Iranian government sells one liter of gas for 3 US cents, or 10 cents a gallon, as a long-existing subsidy for domestic consumers. However, the Oil Ministry announced that the disruption at fuel stations is in no way connected to a change in gasoline prices.

In a letter from the women’s ward of Evin Prison in Tehran to Prince Pahlavi, Sarv thanked him and expressed her gratitude to her fellow inmates, including Nobel Peace Laureate Narges Mohammadi, and other activists "of various political inclinations" who supported her during her ordeal.

“Once again, inmates at Evin’s women's ward showed that factional and political affiliations of individuals have no importance when it comes to helping each other and that we are all like a family supporting one another,” Sarv, an Instagramer wrote. She has been jailed twice since 2019 for “insulting the Supreme Leader”, “propaganda against the regime” and acting against national security.”

“My duty towards my friends and comrades [in prison] is has become even more important because of the all-round support they displayed,” she added. “Like pieces of a puzzle that only make sense when they are placed together, every one of us, irrespective of our [political] orientation, will contribute to the freedom of Iran. There is no power greater than unity.”

She began her hunger strike on November 23 to protest authorities' constant efforts to bring new false charges against her and their denial of her rights, including conditional release or prison furlough for medical treatment.

Former Crown Prince Pahlavi urged Sarv to end her hunger strike. “You have demonstrated your resolution and patriotism in Islamic Republic’s captivity. End your hunger strike. This struggle [against the regime] will continue until the freedom of Iran and requires you to be in good health,” he urged Sarv in a tweet on Wednesday.

Sarv reportedly took an overdose of tranquilizers after pressure from the Revolutionary Guards' Intelligence to collaborate with them against other opponents of the regime. She declared her intent to continue her hunger strike to the end after treatment at the hospital and returning to prison.

Sarv’s message comes following a major controversy on Iranian social media following the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony held earlier this month. Monarchists or constitutional monarchists criticized remarks by Mohammadi’s husband Taqi Rahmani on the sidelines of the ceremonies. He argued that Iranians do not want a sudden revolution, preferring slower change. This is the buzzword for reforms rather than an overthrow of the clerical regime, monarchists and other proponents of regime change claim. The debate got ugly at times with personal attacks and rhetorical accusations by the two sides. Some monarchists went as far as condemning the Nobel Committee for awarding Mohammadi, whom they accuse of an advocate for reforms rather than a regime change.

Unlike many of his supporters, Prince Reza Pahlavi has not condemned the Norwegian Nobel Committee’s decision to award Mohammadi.

“The Norwegian Nobel Committee awarding Narges Mohammadi this year’s peace prize is a recognition of the Women, Life, Freedom movement and this national struggle for freedom,” Prince Reza Pahlavi said in a tweet on October 6 following the Nobel Committee’s announcement of the Peace Prize for the Iranian activist without directly congratulating Mohammadi.

“I hope that this award will encourage a shift in Western policy toward offering tangible means of maximum support for the Iranian people and their national revolution and not serve merely as a symbolic gesture meant to deflect attention from appeasement of this criminal regime,” he added.

The crown prince’s wife, Yasmin Pahlavi, however, recently criticized Mohammadi when she was reported to have a brief phone call with Angelina Jolie from prison.

Social media users who claim to be ardent supporters of the Pahlavi monarchy have been relentlessly attacking Mohammadi and even accusing her of complicity with the regime due to her support of reformists in the past and voting in elections that they had boycotted.

Mohammadi has recently declared that she no longer believes that the Islamic Republic could ever be reformed and would never vote again.

The division between the monarchists and some others in the opposition has escalated in recent weeks with both sides exceedingly targeting each other on social media.

“It is really disappointing when you see many opponents of the regime who cannot bear the continuation of the Islamic Republic are either resorting to the same repressive methods [as the regime] or are facilitating the regime's plans to create discord,” well-known caricaturist Nikahang Kowsar said in a tweet.

Amirkabir Newsletter, a prominent Iranian student news platform, revealed on its Telegram channel that what began as an extensive emigration by students has now extended to include important university professors.

Last week, Abdolreza Simchi, a renowned professor in the Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering at Sharif University of Technology, disclosed that he is now employed at the German Fraunhofer Research Institute, where he has been working since June 2023.

Vahid Hosseini, a former professor in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Sharif, has relocated to a Canadian university, while Mohammad Ali Maddah Ali, previously the head of the Blockchain Working Group at the Digital Economy Headquarters of the Vice Presidency for Science and Technology, has emigrated to the United States to continue his research in the field of blockchain.

Nima Asadian, who concluded his 12-year professorship at Sharif University in January 2022, has opted to work in laboratories abroad, and Abbas Heydarnouri, the former director of the Smart Software Engineering Laboratory at Sharif University, is now residing in the United States.

Stidents at Sharif University of Technology, recognized as one of Iran's premier institutions, have played a central role in recent protests against the Islamic Republic. The government's response to the protests has included widespread detention and summoning of students, along with issuing judicial and disciplinary sentences. The suppression has now extended to professors who supported the protests, resulting in some being suspended from their positions.

The group provided technical details on their Telegram channel, warning Iranian leadership. Iranian state TV reported disruptions in services at numerous gas stations in the capital, with the cause yet to be determined.

Oil Minister Javad Owji earlier told Iranian state TV that services had been disrupted at about 70% of Iran's pumps and that outside interference was a possible cause.

The IRGC-affiliated Fars news agency linked the issue to a widespread software malfunction affecting gas stations. Reza Navar, spokesperson for Iran’s gas stations association, claimed experts are addressing the problem. However, he did not specify the extent of the disruption or the number of affected stations.

Navar said that there is no shortage of fuel supply and urged drivers to avoid gas stations until the issue is resolved.

The hacking group "Gonjeshk-e-Darande" or Predatory Sparrow gained notoriety two years ago for a cyber attack on fuel distribution centers across Iran on the eve of the second anniversary of the suppression of the November 2019 protests. In a separate incident, they claimed responsibility for hacking the railway company.

Last year, the group reported hacking into the computer systems of major steel companies in Iran and released videos and images of the hacking operation.

Iran has a history of cyber incidents, with one of the most notable being the Stuxnet computer virus, believed to have been developed by the United States and Israel. The Stuxnet virus, discovered in 2010, was used to attack an Iranian uranium enrichment facility, marking the first publicly known instance of a virus being utilized to sabotage industrial machinery.

Mohammadi was awarded the 2023 Nobel Peace Prize. The trial, scheduled in the Revolutionary Court, would focus on her human rights activities inside Tehran's Evin Prison.

Last week, after receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, Mohammadi was summoned to the women's ward office and notified that her trial would take place on December 19.

She has issued several statements from prison against the government. The Defenders of Human Rights Center confirms the news, describing the swift initiation of a new case following the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony as the regime's retaliation for her years of human rights advocacy.

The Center emphasizes, "The award has provided an unprecedented opportunity for the unheard voices and the realization of freedom and justice for political and ideological prisoners."

The Nobel Peace Prize ceremony on December 10 in Oslo, Norway, took place without Mohammadi's presence. Instead, her children, Ali and Kiana Rahmani, accepted the award on her behalf.

Close associates of Mohammadi reveal that since November 29, prison authorities have deprived her of phone calls and family visits. Over the past years, she has faced various charges related to her human rights activities, resulting in multiple arrests, trials, and approximately six years of imprisonment.

Her most recent arrest occurred in November 2021, leading to a cumulative sentence of 10 years and 9 months in prison, 154 lashes, a 4-month travel ban, street cleaning, and two cash fines in various cases.